Embo Molecular Medicine | April 14, 2016

Jeremie Decalf et. al.
EMBO Molecular Medicine
DOI:10.15252/emmm.201506145

Abstract: Biochemical experiments, animal models, and observational studies in humans all support a role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in the N-terminal truncation of CXCL10, which results in the generation of an antagonist form of the chemokine that limits T-cell and NK cell migration. Motivated by the ability to regulate lymphocyte trafficking in vivo, we conducted two prospective clinical trials to test the effects of DPP4 inhibition on CXCL10 processing in healthy donors and in chronic hepatitis C patients, a disease in which DPP4 levels are found to be elevated. Participants were treated daily with 100 mg sitagliptin, a clinically approved DPP4 inhibitor. Plasma samples were analyzed using an ultrasensitive single-molecule assay (Simoa) to distinguish the full-length CXCL101–77 from the NH2-truncated CXCL103–77, as compared to the total CXCL10 levels. Sitagliptin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in CXCL103–77 concentration, a reciprocal increase in CXCL101–77, with only minimal effects on total levels of the chemokine. These data provide the first direct evidence that in vivoDPP4 inhibition in humans can preserve the bioactive form of CXCL10, offering new therapeutic opportunities for DPP4 inhibitors.